Abstract

This study evaluated the sub-chronic toxicity of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG), a widely used flavour enhancer, in Mus musculus (albino mice). Twenty (20) male mice between 24–30 g were used in this study and were divided into four groups of five mice each. Groups A, B, and C were orally administered 100 mg kg-1, 200 mg kg-1, and 400 mg kg-1 of MSG for 42 days, while group D received distilled water (control). After the treatment period, the animals were euthanized to collect blood and internal organs for hematologic, biochemical, and bone marrow assays. Body weight of mice showed significant, dose-dependent increase across treatments, with significant increase in 100 mg kg-1 and 200 mg kg-1. Hematologic parameters revealed significant increase in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) at 400 mg kg-1, Red Cell Distribution With-Standard Deciatin in Femtoliters (RDW-SD FL) at 100 mg kg-1, and platelet levels across all treatments compared to control. Biochemical profile indicated significant differences (p˂0.05) in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and creatine levels between treatments and control. Micronucleus assay revealed no significant differences (p˃0.05) between treatment and control. The significant weight gain in MSG treated groups suggests hypothalamic effects on appetite and fat deposition. Significant increases in MCHC, RDW-SD FL, and platelet suggest potential anemic conditions and pro-inflammatory responses. Biochemical assay indicated improved liver function in MSG-treated mice, with decreased levels of AST, ALT, and ALP. Increased creatine levels may imply renal stress. Therefore, prolonged MSG administration at these doses, portends toxicity in body weight, kidney and hematological profiles.